The Indian Evidence Act, 1872, governs the admissibility, relevance, and weight of evidence in Indian courts. It classifies evidence into oral, documentary, primary, and secondary. The Act is divided into three parts: Relevancy of Facts (Part I), Proof (Part II), and Production & Effect of Evidence (Part III). It establishes rules for witnesses, burden of proof, and presumptions. It applies to both civil and criminal cases, ensuring justice through a structured legal framework. Enacted during British rule, it remains fundamental to the Indian judiciary, shaping how courts assess facts and determine truth in legal proceedings.